PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

When other stone removal methods are contraindicated, what approach is taken?

1. Percutaneous Nephrolithomy

2. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

3. Open surgery

4. Ureteroscopy

The correct answer is: Open surgery

When other stone removal methods are contraindicated, open surgery is typically considered the appropriate approach. Open surgery involves making a large incision to gain direct access to the kidney and urinary tract, allowing for the effective removal of kidney stones. This method is reserved for cases where less invasive techniques, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, and ureteroscopy, are either unavailable or not suitable due to specific patient factors such as the size or location of the stones, patient anatomy, or underlying medical conditions. Open surgery can provide better visibility and access compared to minimally invasive options, which might be hindered by obstruction or other complications in certain patients. Although it carries a higher risk of complications and a longer recovery time, it remains a vital option when other methods cannot be utilized effectively.