PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What surgical therapy is commonly performed for hyperthyroidism?

1. Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy

2. Thyroid lobectomy

3. Thyroidectomy

4. Parathyroidectomy

The correct answer is: Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy

Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy is a surgical therapy commonly performed for hyperthyroidism, particularly in cases where medical management or radioactive iodine therapy is not effective or feasible. This procedure involves the partial removal of the thyroid gland, preserving some functioning thyroid tissue while reducing hormone production. This approach is especially beneficial in patients with Graves' disease, the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, as it allows for sufficient reduction in hormone levels while minimizing the risk of hypothyroidism, which can occur with a total thyroidectomy. The preservation of thyroid tissue can enable a more balanced hormonal environment post-surgery, making this procedure a favorable option for managing hyperthyroidism in the appropriate patient population. In contrast, a thyroid lobectomy typically involves removing only one lobe of the thyroid and is usually performed for diagnosis or treatment of thyroid nodules rather than for widespread hyperthyroidism. Total thyroidectomy entails the removal of the entire gland and is often considered when malignancies or large goiters are present, but it may lead to permanent hypothyroidism. Parathyroidectomy targets the parathyroid glands and is unrelated to thyroid disease. Thus, bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy is preferred when surgical intervention for hyperthyroidism is indicated.