PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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What is the standard surgical treatment for renal carcinoma?

Partial nephrectomy
Radical nephrectomy
Transurethral resection
Nephroectomy

The correct answer is: Radical nephrectomy

Radical nephrectomy is considered the standard surgical treatment for renal carcinoma, particularly for localized tumors. This procedure involves the removal of the entire kidney along with surrounding tissue, including the adrenal gland and surrounding fat. By taking out the entire organ and affected tissues, the surgery aims to provide the best chance of completely eradicating the cancer and reducing the risk of recurrence. Radical nephrectomy is especially appropriate for tumors that are larger or have a higher grade, making it a more comprehensive approach than partial nephrectomy, which involves removing only the part of the kidney containing the tumor. While partial nephrectomy is less invasive and might be indicated for small, localized tumors where kidney preservation is desired, it may not be sufficient for more aggressive diseases. Other listed procedures, such as transurethral resection, are not suitable for renal carcinoma as they are primarily used for bladder lesions or prostate issues. Nephrectomy, while a general term for kidney removal, lacks the specificity of radical nephrectomy which implies a total removal of the kidney and adjacent structures in the context of cancer treatment. Therefore, radical nephrectomy remains the definitive treatment for managing renal carcinoma effectively.