PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What is the most common sign associated with pheochromocytoma?

1. Palpitations

2. Headaches

3. Diaphoresis

4. Hypertension

The correct answer is: Hypertension

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor that arises from the adrenal gland and is characterized by the excessive release of catecholamines, leading to a variety of clinical symptoms. The most common sign associated with pheochromocytoma is hypertension. This occurs due to the overproduction of catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, which cause persistent or paroxysmal elevations in blood pressure. Patients may experience episodes of significantly elevated blood pressure, which can be severe and lead to complications if not managed properly. While palpitations, headaches, and diaphoresis are also common symptoms of pheochromocytoma, they are often secondary effects of the hypertension caused by catecholamine excess. For instance, the increase in heart rate (palpitations) and episodes of anxiety or headache may arise during hypertensive crises. Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, can occur during these episodes as well. However, of these symptoms, it is the hypertension that consistently plays a central role in the presentation of pheochromocytoma, making it the most prominent and clinically significant sign.