PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What is the most common complication associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage?

1. Seizures

2. Vasospasm

3. Hydrocephalus

4. Cognitive impairment

The correct answer is: Vasospasm

Vasospasm is the most common complication associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage and refers to the narrowing of blood vessels in the brain that occurs in response to the bleeding. This complication typically develops several days after the initial hemorrhage and can lead to significant ischemia and infarction if not managed properly. The inflammatory response to blood in the subarachnoid space is believed to contribute to the development of vasospasm. In the context of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, vasospasm is critical to understand as it can dramatically affect patient outcomes and management strategies. Monitoring for signs of vasospasm and initiating treatment, such as with calcium channel blockers or intra-arterial therapies, is an essential component of post-hemorrhage care to prevent further neurological deficits. While seizures, hydrocephalus, and cognitive impairment can also occur in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, they are less common or may arise due to various underlying factors rather than being a direct complication stemming primarily from the hemorrhage itself. Thus, recognizing vasospasm as the predominant complication helps highlight the importance of careful monitoring in this patient population.