PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What defines a stage IV pressure ulcer?

1. It is superficial with no skin loss

2. It extends into muscle, tendon, or bone

3. It involves damage only to the epidermis

4. It is characterized by partial thickness skin damage

The correct answer is: It extends into muscle, tendon, or bone

A stage IV pressure ulcer is defined by its depth and extent of tissue damage, which is significant in that it extends into muscle, tendon, or bone. This classification indicates a severe level of injury that goes beyond the skin layers, involving deeper structures. The key aspect of a stage IV ulcer is that it represents an advanced stage of pressure injury, often leading to complications such as infection, osteomyelitis, or even systemic complications if not properly managed. In contrast, other options describe less severe stages of pressure ulcers. Superficial injuries with no skin loss or involving only the epidermis would align with stage I or stage II ulcers, while partial thickness skin damage corresponds to stage II. The correct understanding of pressure ulcer staging is critical for appropriate management and intervention, ensuring effective care and minimizing complications for patients.