PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What condition is characterized by obstruction of the left subclavian artery?

1. Raynaud's phenomenon

2. Takayasu's arteritis

3. Subclavian steal syndrome

4. Renal artery stenosis

The correct answer is: Subclavian steal syndrome

Subclavian steal syndrome is characterized by obstruction of the left subclavian artery, which leads to a reversal of blood flow from the vertebral artery. This condition typically occurs when the left subclavian artery becomes significantly narrowed or occluded, which can result in decreased blood flow to the arm. As a compensatory mechanism, blood flow can reverse in the vertebral artery to supply the affected arm, leading to various neurological symptoms. In patients with subclavian steal syndrome, activities that increase the demand for blood flow in the affected arm may lead to symptoms such as arm weakness, numbness, or even vertigo due to diminished perfusion to the posterior circulation of the brain. These symptoms highlight the relationship between the left subclavian artery's obstruction and the reversal of blood flow that defines the syndrome. Other conditions listed, such as Raynaud's phenomenon, Takayasu's arteritis, and renal artery stenosis, involve different pathophysiological processes. Raynaud's phenomenon involves vascular spasm and is not primarily about arterial obstruction in the same manner. Takayasu's arteritis can affect multiple vessels but is more generalized and involves systemic inflammation. Renal artery stenosis pertains specifically to the renal arteries, which does not directly relate