PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What are the common causes of microcytic anemia?

1. Vitamin deficiencies

2. GI loss and menstruation

3. Chronic inflammatory diseases

4. Genetic disorders

The correct answer is: GI loss and menstruation

Microcytic anemia is primarily characterized by red blood cells that are smaller than normal, often indicated by a low mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The most common cause of microcytic anemia is iron deficiency, which can frequently result from gastrointestinal (GI) blood loss and menstrual bleeding. Gastrointestinal loss can occur due to conditions such as peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal cancers, polyps, or chronic inflammation of the gut. In women, menstruation can lead to significant blood loss, particularly if periods are heavy or prolonged, contributing to the depletion of iron stores and the development of microcytic anemia. While vitamin deficiencies, chronic inflammatory diseases, and genetic disorders can lead to other types of anemia or contribute to anemia in general, they are not the primary causes of microcytic anemia. Therefore, understanding the connection between iron deficiency, blood loss, and the resultant microcytic anemia is crucial for diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing these common causes helps guide appropriate interventions, such as iron supplementation or addressing the underlying sources of blood loss.