PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

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What is the most common type of esophageal cancer found at the gastroesophageal junction in the US?

Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Carcinoid tumor

The correct answer is: Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of esophageal cancer found at the gastroesophageal junction in the United States. This type of cancer typically arises in the context of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and Barrett's esophagus, which is a condition characterized by the transformation of the esophageal lining due to prolonged exposure to stomach acid. The increasing prevalence of obesity and GERD in recent years has contributed to the rise in adenocarcinoma cases, making it a significant public health concern. In contrast, squamous cell carcinoma is more commonly associated with the upper portions of the esophagus and is often linked to risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Small cell carcinoma is a rare type of neuroendocrine tumor that is not typically found in the esophagus and primarily occurs in the lungs. Carcinoid tumors are also relatively rare within the esophagus and more frequently originate in other gastrointestinal tract locations. Therefore, when considering the predominant type of esophageal cancer specifically at the gastroesophageal junction, adenocarcinoma stands out as the clear choice.