PAEA Surgery End Of Rotation (EOR) Practice Exam

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

1. Thyroiditis

2. Graves disease

3. Toxic adenoma

4. Hashimoto's disease

The correct answer is: Graves disease

Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones. In this condition, the immune system produces antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland, leading to its enlargement and excessive hormone release. This results in clinical manifestations such as weight loss, increased appetite, heat intolerance, and hyperactivity. Understanding the various conditions that can lead to hyperthyroidism provides context for why Graves disease is the most prevalent. Other conditions, such as thyroiditis and toxic adenomas, can also cause hyperthyroidism, but they are less common in comparison to Graves disease. Additionally, Hashimoto's disease primarily leads to hypothyroidism rather than hyperthyroidism, as it results in the destruction of thyroid tissue, decreasing hormone production. Therefore, the predominance of Graves disease as the primary cause of hyperthyroidism is well-established in both clinical practice and medical literature.